May
Determine the length between two points A and B by measuring two side lengths from a third occupied point C and the included angle c. Points A and B are visible from point C, but interrupted between each other.
March
Calculate the volume included between a horizontal plane, a ramp (inclination 1:m, side slopes 1:n) and a vertical wall using Simpson’s rule.
February
Calculate the coordinates of a known point P in an orthogonal coordinate system to a reference orthogonal coordinate system preserving shapes (angles) during transformation, in 2-D space.
January
Determine the elevation and grade value of an unknown point K which lies along a profile vertical curve (convex in this example).
*Commonly in profile vertical curves, a parabola is applied as an approximation to circular curve, considering that for large radius values and target precision, these elements practically coincide.
November
Determine the elevation of an unknown point X which lies between two known points A and B along an alignment tangency. The profile of tangency AB is also a tangent.
October
Determine the coordinates of an unknown point M (impossible to occupy) visible from two (2) previously surveyed reference stations A, B of a control baseline, only by observing angles α and β subtended by lines of sight from stations A and B to the intersected point M. Intersection technique is commonly implemented when the unknown point to be observed is inaccessible during a survey.
September
Calculate the maximum offset value ΔΖmax of an extrusion or intrusion detail from a reference plane (mainly flat object) so that the maximum error on the image plane due to radial shift does not exceed a certain limit Δρmax. (optical axis perpendicular to object plane)
August
Determine water content w and unit weight γsat of a sandy soil sample when it becomes saturated, at the same void ratio.
July
Calculate the ratio of the density of coal ash to the density of the water (Specific gravity of coal ash Gs)
June
Determine water content within a soil sample as a percentage, by drying the soil in the oven at 105oC for 24 hours.
